Family Trees for Sale by Tom Alciere Wednesday, Dec 16 2009 

Tom Alciere, a New Hampshire Libertarian politico, has for sale his genealogy websites. This could prove a good thing for those of us who are seriously into genealogy. Because hopefully, the future owners will not be wholesale posting family information not owned by them.

Mr Alciere did that to me. His defense against this theft is that my gedcom was publicly available and that his site links back to mine. Yah, it was and he did, but my website clearly states that the information is not to be used in a commercial fashion. When your looking at collecting a paycheck from Google AdSense, that makes this a commercial venture Mr. Alciere.

On his personal website, tomalciere.com, he makes the following statement:

“One thing is absolute: Drug control has to end. The government has no right to impose drug control laws on a person who never consented to them. If you feel otherwise, you are entitled to your opinion, but your opinion is absolutely wrong. You are hereby notified that your wrong opinion is totally rejected by the supporters of liberty.

“So how do you want drug control to be ended in New Hampshire, with ballots or with bullets?

“If you prefer ballots, then vote for the candidates who want to end drug control. But if you prefer bullets, you can vote against them. Just don’t come whining to me when your favorite cops get themselves killed in action waging the government’s War on Drugs against your neighbors. If you voted for it to happen, you didn’t pull the trigger, but you pulled the lever.

“On 4 December 2002, a gentleman in Frayser, Tennessee fought back in legitimate self-defense during a drug raid. A deputy sheriff was fatally gunned down. The deputy was killed in the act of his own deliberate wrongdoing, trying to enforce unjust laws. His choice.

“The cops keep right on pulling stunts like that, so obviously they still haven’t learned their lesson yet, but have you learned yours?

“Of course, you can pretend to think that your government has a right to impose drug laws, but that won’t stop your favorite cops from getting themselves killed trying to enforce them. You have been notified that your wrong opinion has been totally rejected by the supporters of liberty.

“Actions have consequences. Vote wrong, cops die. So don’t vote wrong. “

With the number of police officers, military, and politicians who truly tried to make this a better country that came from my family, this man in no way needs to be involved with our heritage.

Notes from Ada Arvilla Hamley Pearsall Saturday, Sep 26 2009 

Originally posted at Sedgwick2Graham.com in early 2008.
Last night, after I finished moving all the pictures to their new home, and writing my story about Ann Owram, I went to my e-mail to find a letter from Ray Todd Knight.

He is a descendant of the Wright family through Francis Wright, daughter of Thomas P. Wright and Ann Owram-Wright (from his note, I believe he is Thomas and Ann’s great, great, great grandson). He sent, with his letter, a copy of some notes from Ada Arvilla Hamley – Pearsall and a couple of photos, including the one below.

Ada was a first cousin of William Orum Wright, my great grandfather. I have seen her middle name spelled differently as either Arville and Arvilla. I have left the spelling as written by Ray.

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William Henry Hamley & Francis Wright-Hamley and family

Ada would be the girl on the far right of the photo

Notes from Ada Arvilla Hamley Pearsall

Grand Mother Wright was Ann Oram before she married Grand Father Thomas P. Wright. They must have married around 1835. She was born in Lankashire, England and was one half Irish. Her grandfather was from Ireland, her mother English.

Thomas P. Wright lived in the old Wright Estate near Manchester, England. I think his father’s name was also Thomas. He married Nellie Pinington. They had three children, Thomas P., Allen, and Annie. They went to school in Manchester, where they had sand boxes to learn to make their letters.

Our Grandfather and Grandmother had five daughters and three sons. First two daughters born in England. The first one died. Her name was Libbie, and they named their second daughter Libbie also. I have no dates anyway. There was Libbie, Mary Ann, Thomas, Will, Allen, James, Fanny, and Frank by a second marriage.

I think they must have moved to America around 1840 and lived in Waukegon, IL, near Chicago. I think most of the children were born there, but later moved to Ripon, WI, where mama was born.

Elizabeth (Libbie) married John Holbrook and their children were Ellen, Fanny, Eliza, Clara, Thomas, John and Joel. She, Libbie, married in WI when mama was only a baby and moved to Salt Lake City, Utah. I guess she had a harder life and more experience then any of them. She was only 16 when she left WI and moved by ox team. They went with the Mormons, but they weren’t Mormons themselves, but went with them for protection as there would be great chains of wagons and had a Dr with them. Of course, it was a terrible long journey and Libbie got her hip broken along the way. They lived in Salt Lake City for several years and then moved to Salmon City, Idaho. Then, one year the indians were so bad they had to live in a stockade for protection. She lived to be over 80. Her name should be mentioned in the history of Idaho, as she, with some other women, made all by hand the flag of Idaho when it was admitted as a state.

Mary Ann married a Haugh, lived in Ohio and had two daughters, Emma and Bertha.

Allen married a Hunt, also lived in Ohio and had one son, Leon.

Thomas married Rosina Knespd and had two daughters, Nellie and Grace. Nellie married Jake Ellis, Laud McFarland.

Will Wright married Flora Rarndon. Their children were Thomas (Tom), Bertha, Eva, Willie and Libbie (twins), and Clara. They lived in Ohio, then came to Tennessee some time back, then moved back to Ohio.

Uncle Jim married Emily Skinner of WI. Their children were Harvey, Albert, Alice, James, Martha and Nettie. They lost two babies.

Fanny married William Henry Hamley and had Ada Arvilla, Charles Andrew and Franklin.

Uncle Frank by Grandfather’s second marriage married Elizabeth Miller and had two children, Nathan and Louise.

Uncle Tom and Jim moved to South Dakota and took claims along about 1874. Later Uncle Jim moved to Tennessee.

Ada Arvilla Hamley Pearsall

I do know Ada was in communication with my great-grandparents. I have a letter from her to them from the 60’s, and my grandmother has mentioned her when we have talked about the history of the family.

It’s also nice to finally find out where the wrongly stated Rarndon maiden name for my great great grandmother came from. I don’t know that Ada actually made the mistake or if it was made by the person reading her handwriting (if these notes weren’t typed). Ada’s handwriting in the letter I have is difficult to read. and I can see how someone could make that mistake.

I don’t know if Ada was right about Flora and William living in Ohio, moving to Tennessee and moving back to Ohio. From what I have found they married and lived in Tennessee and relocated to Norwalk in about 1911.

Another thing that is interesting in the notes is the statement “Thomas P. Wright lived in the old Wright Estate near Manchester, England. I think his father’s name was also Thomas.” According to the British History Online website there was a Thomas Wright residing in Manchester during the early part of the 1800s whose occupation was Philanthropist. This does play into my theory that we are descended from this Thomas Wright line. (In 2008, I have found that was wrong. It appears, according to the 1841 England census, that there was no Wright Estate. Thomas and his father were wire weavers, living in very common circumstances in 1841. Thomas’ father was William Wright.)

The Story of Sister Mary Romilda Saturday, Sep 26 2009 

For the first time since I began the search into my history, I became moved spiritually by the finding of an unknown relative. I was researching a collateral branch of the family and came across Suzanne Bertsch. She was present in the 1910 census, but then seemingly disappeared.

I did a little more research and found her to be a Catholic Nun. She was a member of the Sisters of Notre Dame, in the Immaculate Heart of Mary Province at Covington, Kentucky. She served our religion for seventy of her nearly 90 years and no matter what I write, I cannot write anything nearly as beautiful as the words written in her obituary, or the thoughts from the homily of her nephew, the Reverend Leo Schmidt at her Burial Mass.

Before their writings, I would like to say that the thoughts written for the Sister made me examine my own spirituality and begin practicing the faith I have been away from for more than a decade. Sometimes, in examining our history, we find we can learn some important lessons from our own past.

I also want to take a moment to thank Sister Joan Terese Niklas, S.N.D., archivist for the Sisters of Notre Dame in Covington, Kentucky, for all of the assistance she has provided.

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Some thoughts from the Homily of Reverend Leo Schmidt at the Mass of Christian Burial for Sister Mary Romilda, S.N.D. – Aug. 17. 1987

In Biblical literature we often find the word “tent”. These were the dwelling places of nomads so they could be picked up and carried off to other lands when they were routed by their enemies or in peaceful times had to find better pasture lands for their flocks. Even John in his Gospel says God came to pitch His tent on earth with us so as to dwell with us. Paul says: “We know that when the earthly tent in which we dwell is destroyed, we have a dwelling provided for us by God, a dwelling in the heavens, not made by hands but to last forever.”

Sister Mary Romilda had thirty-three nephews and very many grandnieces and nephews. To all of us we find the above as appropriate. We saw Sister as one who traveled lightly. She had many different assignments. She knew where she was going, and she was a woman who knew what her life was about; she went in obedience. She loved her Community, her Church, her God, and she loved the many people she knew far and wide.

There are many stories we could tell about her. Maybe I could just recall a few that symbolize her life. I can remember sitting on the porch in Linwood, feeding the birds, or drinking fresh lemonades at St. Augustine’s in Covington; visiting her in Augusta so close to the river or visiting her in Bardstown where she was assisting the old people; or reading her letters about the floods in Harlan or her teaching the Indians in Winnebago. She was in many places and she always loved children. She had a special talent for teaching them, which she loved to do.

Just this past July Fourth there came to visit her a gentleman whom she taught in the sixth grade in Cheviot. Sister told me, “He recalled a terrible downpour and the drains got clogged up. He was surprised I didn’t even call the janitor but instead put on my blue apron and worked and worked until I had it cleaned out. I have no recollection of the incident. We might ask what opening up drains has to do with spreading God’s kingdom. We are all engaged in doing the important things, but it was typical of Sister to do the things that had to be done, not bothering about whether anyone saw it. I see her as someone who loved God, doing every day what she was expected to do, with a smile on her face.

Our family all loved to visit her wherever she was for it was always a treat to be with her and there were so many ways in which she pleased us. In later years when she was able to make home visits, she loved our big family reunions. She remembered every one and whom they went with and what they were interested in. It was her gift to love life, and she never forgot anniversaries and special occasions. When she couldn’t be there, she remembered us with letters and always decorated it, using crayons to make lilies or roses, etc. so that it would be something personal from her.

As we bid her goodbye tonight, we all know we have something to celebrate–her living religious life for seventy years. Every job is important, but there are few jobs with the lasting influence of thousands of young people who went through her classroom. She certainly has something beautiful to bring along with her to God. How she appreciated her Community and how much she enjoyed her Jubilee celebration less than a week before her death! Scripture tells us there is a special feast prepared for us. She has folded up her tent and gone to God because she saw God as her Truth and her Life, and she never wavered in her trust of the deep peace that we believe she now has and enjoys.

Obituary of Sister Mary Romilda Bertsch

The joyfully expectant Advent season of 1897 witnessed the arrival of little Suzanne into the family of Frank and Appolonia (Hoffman) Bertsch, whose home was situated in the one-time small country hamlet of Cold Spring, Kentucky. Two brothers and a sister were there to welcome her on that December 9, and four more children arrived in after years to complete the happy family circle. One boy eventually became a Franciscan priest, Reverend Luke Bertsch, now deceased. Suzanne was baptized at St. Joseph Church and also attended the parish school when of age.

Although Suzanne did not receive her First Holy Communion until she was 13 years of age, she was prepared for her First Confession in grade two. At that time all went to Confession in the German language, a custom which devastated Suzanne and caused bitter tears to flow on the evening prior to her day–she didn’t know how to confess her sins in German! But her good mother came to the rescue by delegating her older brother, the future Father Luke, to assist her. During the years following, she displayed an inclination toward the sisterhood by playing school, dressing like a sister with an ingenious type of headgear and a rosary dangling by her side, building and decorating altars. Cognizant of this attraction her father provided a stationary altar in the dining room cupboard where the family began to gather for the evening rosary.

Thus the years passed enveloped in that beautiful Catholic atmosphere of wholesome family life, love of God and of one another, an atmosphere enabling Suzanne to transform her childish attraction toward religious life into a mature reality. Through the advice of her teacher, Sister Mary Euphrasia, S.N.D., Suzanne and her lifelong companion, Hilda Kroger (deceased Sister Mary Irenas), joined the Aspirant school in Covington in the autumn of 1913 and entered the novitiate on February 2, 1915.
Already as a postulant she taught at St. Joseph Heights School and jokingly remarked that she was getting her dally exercise by walking from 5th Street to the Heights and back again–quite a distance!

Suzanne was invested on July 13 receiving the name of Sister Mary Romilda, and made her first vows on July 17, 1917. Thereafter, her teaching apostolate extended to our schools in the Covington Diocese and the Cincinnati Archdiocese. Sister also spent several years at St. Augustine Indian Mission in Winnebago, Nebraska in the capacity of teacher and matron. (We no longer staff this Mission.) When our Kentucky apostolate expanded to embrace the Appalachian Mountain area, Sister became a pioneer at Holy Trinity School in Harlan, fulfilling the roles of teacher, principal and local superior. Her last year of activity was spent at St. Monica Parish in Bardstown, Kentucky where she was engaged in catechetical instruction and ministering to the poor in the area.

Sister Mary Romilda retired to the provincial House in 1975 continuing to render services wherever possible, always with her typical heart-warming smile. Since walking had become more difficult because of her arthritic condition, Sister joined the Lourdes Hall (infirmary) community in 1982 still eager to proffer her services, interested in all things and retaining her pleasant disposition, which had captivated people throughout the years. She delighted in reading and in reminiscing about her days as a teacher. Precious in her sight was the book containing the names of all the children she had taught, and her daily prayers for them was truly a litany of intercession with the Good God.

In November of 1985 her brother, Father Luke, OFM, died at the age of ninety and sister was able to attend the Funeral Liturgy at St. Francis Seraph Church in Cincinnati, but after that there was a steady decline in her health. When the year 1987 dawned, Sister Mary Romilda felt certain she would not live to celebrate the 70th anniversary of her Profession in July, but the Lord had other plans. Our community celebration of all the Jubilees was held on June 20 and thereafter Sister’s thoughts centered persistently on death and she requested the sisters to pray the prayers for the dying with her. Since she also expressed the desire to receive the Sacrament of Anointing, her nephew, Rev. Leo Schmidt, came on June 22 to administer that special grace. She rallied somewhat after the Anointing and even though she was anxious to go home to God and her usual parting words to visitors were, “This might be the last time you’ll see me alive,” she now did want to be with us for the public jubilee celebration on August 8. The great day came and even though she could not participate in the Eucharistic Liturgy at our neighboring St. Agnes Church, she did enjoy the visit with her relatives.

The last days preceding death were dominated by a state of confusion as she talked almost constantly, reliving the past events of her life especially classroom episodes. In the dawning hours of August 14, sometime between 4 and 6 a.m., our dear Jubilarian of Grace smiled her lovliest and slipped off to heaven silently and alone to meet her Bridegroom of 70 years.

Mass of Christian Burial was concelebrated on August 17 at 7:30 p.m. by Rev. Leo Schmidt, Rev. Charles Weber and Rev. James Ryan. In attendance were her sister, Elizabeth Schmidt, her brothers Charles, Lawrence and Louis, many nieces and nephews, friends and sisters.

The homily was delivered by Father Schmidt who said in part: “I saw Sister as someone who traveled lightly. She knew where she was going and she was a woman who knew what life was all about; she went in obedience. She loved her Community, her Church, her God, and she loved the many people she knew far and wide….She always loved children and had a special talent for teaching them….I see her as someone who loved God, doing every day what she was expected to do, with a smile on her face. She loved her big family and its reunions. It was her gift to love life, and she never forgot anniversaries and special occasions….As we bid her goodbye tonight, we all know we have something to celebrate–her living religious life for seventy years. Every job is important, but there are few jobs with the lasting influence of thousands of young people who went through her classroom. She certainly had something beautiful to bring along with her to God….She has folded up her tent and gone home to God because she saw God as her Truth and her Life, and she never wavered in her trust of the deep peace that we believe she now has and enjoys.”

That Father was keenly aware of his aunt’s sterling qualities is quite evident from the above. The community as a whole reiterates his words in paying tribute to our dear sister who will continue to remember each of us before the throne of God just as she did her beloved pupils here on earth.

May she rest in peace!

A Leader for the Rebellion Saturday, Sep 26 2009 

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One of the more interesting stories I have found during my research of our family history is that my generations 15th Great Grandmother was Margaret Wyatt. While she may be little more than a footnote in the history of the world, she was a Lady in Waiting to King Henry VIII’s wife Anne Boleyn, her nephew had quite a bit of impact on the history of England. With some help from Wikipedia, I shall tell you the story.

He was Thomas Wyatt, a rebel leader during the reign of Queen Mary I of England; his rising is traditionally called Wyatt’s rebellion. He is also known as Wyatt the Younger.

He was born at Allington Castle, the only son of Sir Thomas Wyatt, the famous poet, by Elizabeth Brooke, daughter of Thomas Brooke, 3rd Lord Cobham. The Duke of Norfolk was his godfather. At the age of fifteen he became a squire at the court of King Henry VIII, and Joint Constable of Conisborough Castle. In the same year, his father was imprisoned after a feud with the king’s brother-in-law, Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk and on the false charge of being Anne Boleyn’s lover.

Anne Boleyn was beheaded on May 19, 1536. Thomas’s father was later released, but re-imprisoned in 1541 and only released after the intervention of Queen Catherine Howard. Thomas himself married Jane Hawte, daughter and co-heiress of Sir William Hawte of Bishopsbourne, by whom he had several children. He is also known to have had an illegitimate son, whose mother Elizabeth was a daughter of Sir Edward Darrell of Littlecote.

He was brought up a Roman Catholic. However, he is said to have been turned into an enemy of the Spaniards by witnessing the activities of the Spanish Inquisition while accompanying his father on a mission to Spain. On his father’s death in 1542, he inherited Allington Castle and Boxley Abbey. He served in the war against France, and was knighted in 1547. During the reign of King Edward VI, he was arrested for breaking windows while drunk. He was tried before the Privy Council and imprisoned in the Tower of London.

On his release, Wyatt went to fight for the Habsburg emperor (who was also king of Spain), Charles V in Flanders, obtaining further valuable military experience. In 1543 he took part in the siege of Landrecies, and in the following year was at the siege of Boulogne.

Returning to Allington, he lived quietly until the uprising by the Duke of Northumberland, to put Lady Jane Grey on the throne. Escaping punishment by Queen Mary, he took no further part in politics until Mary’s plans to marry Philip the prince of Spain, later Philip II of Spain, became known. In 1554 he joined with the conspirators who combined to prevent the marriage. A general movement was planned; but his fellow-conspirators were timid and inept, the rising was serious only in Kent, and Wyatt became a formidable rebel mostly by accident. On January 22, 1554 he summoned a meeting of his friends at his castle of Allington, and January 25 was fixed for the rising.

On January 26 Wyatt occupied Rochester, and issued a proclamation to the county. The country people and local gentry collected, but at first the queen’s supporters, led by Lord Abergavenny and Sir Robert Southwell, the sheriff, appeared to be able to suppress the rising with ease. But the Spanish marriage was unpopular, and Kent was more affected by the preaching of the reformers than most of the country districts of England. Abergavenny and Southwell were deserted by their men, who either disbanded or went over to Wyatt, who now had 3,000 men at his command. A detachment of the London trainbands sent against him under the command of the Duke of Norfolk also joined the rebels, raising their numbers to 4,000, and the Duke was forced to return to London.

The rising now seemed so formidable that a deputation was sent to Wyatt by the queen and council to ask for his terms. He insisted that the Tower should be surrendered to him, and the queen put under his charge. The insolence of these demands caused a reaction in London, where the reformers were strong and were at first in sympathy with him. When he reached Southwark on February 3 he found London Bridge occupied in force, and was unable to penetrate into the city. He was driven from Southwark by the threats of Sir John Brydges (or Bruges), afterwards Lord Chandos, who was prepared to fire on the suburb with the guns of the Tower.

He could not find boats for crossing into Middlesex or Essex, so he marched his force up the river to Kingston, where he found the bridge destroyed. They repaired it and crossed the Thames, and made his way to Ludgate with a part of his following. Some of his men were cut off, others lost heart and deserted. His only hope was that a rising would take place, but the loyal forces kept order, and after a futile attempt to force the gate Wyatt surrendered.

He was brought to trial on March 15, and could make no defence. Execution was for a time delayed, no doubt in the hope that in order to save his life he would say enough to compromise the queen’s sister Elizabeth, afterwards Queen Elizabeth, in whose interests the rising was supposed to have been made. But he would not confess enough to render her liable to a trial for treason. It was only through Elizabeth’s dignity and composure that she managed to escape from the scandal unharmed, although she was spied upon and placed under house arrest for the rest of her sister’s reign.

He was executed on April 11, and on the scaffold expressly cleared the princess of all complicity in the rising. After he was beheaded, his body was quartered.

His estates were afterwards partly restored to his son, George, the father of the Sir Francis Wyatt (d. 1644) who was governor of Virginia in 1621–26 and 1639–42. A fragment of the castle of Allington is still inhabited as a farm-house, near Maidstone, on the bank of the Medway.

A Life in Poems Saturday, Sep 26 2009 

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“Plucking Scales from Eyes” – that’s what truthteller Bill Wright titles a poem contrasting the daily corporate papers with the leftist political weekly. Simple passion, remarkable clarity, precise insights mark this record of picket lines, devoted love, tough choices, steadfast activism, deep pleasures and powerful truths. This is a record to be wholly admired: one decade after another of reliable observation and intensely felt emotion. Wright has always woven experience into wisdom. I have often thought, “It would have been great to know Bill in his incarnations as farmer, boxer, family man, organizer, and unionist.” Now we have the record. Here is a spirit who easily embraces the poetic enthusiasm of Walter Lowenfels, the radical ministry of Maurice McCracken, as easily as the struggles of the current moment. Here, finally, is the book that tells the tale. This is the book you have been waiting for, too.

– David Shevin, author of Three Miles from Luckey

This is my Great Uncle William Wright’s book. It can be purchased from the Publisher’s Website.

The Story of Thanksgiving Saturday, Sep 26 2009 

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According to Wilstar.com, this is the story of Thanksgiving. I originally intended to write this myself, since so many of our ancestors were present during the founding of this country, but due to time constraints, I could not. Please, read on.

Most stories of Thanksgiving history start with the harvest celebration of the pilgrims and the indians that took place in the autumn of 1621. Although they did have a three-day feast in celebration of a good harvest, and the local indians did participate, this “first Thanksgiving” was not a holiday, simply a gathering. There is little evidence that this feast of thanks led directly to our modern Thanksgiving Day holiday. Thanksgiving can, however, be traced back to 1863 when Pres. Lincoln became the first president to proclaim Thanksgiving Day. The holiday has been a fixture of late November ever since.

However, since most school children are taught that the first Thanksgiving was held in 1621 with the pilgrims and indians, let us take a closer look at just what took place leading up to that event, and then what happened in the centuries afterward that finally gave us our modern Thanksgiving.

The Pilgrims who sailed to this country aboard the Mayflower were originally members of the English Separatist Church (a Puritan sect). They had earlier fled their home in England and sailed to Holland (The Netherlands) to escape religious persecution. There, they enjoyed more religious tolerance, but they eventually became disenchanted with the Dutch way of life, thinking it ungodly. Seeking a better life, the Separatists negotiated with a London stock company to finance a pilgrimage to America. Most of those making the trip aboard the Mayflower were non-Separatists, but were hired to protect the company’s interests. Only about one-third of the original colonists were Separatists.

The Pilgrims set ground at Plymouth Rock on December 11, 1620. Their first winter was devastating. At the beginning of the following fall, they had lost 46 of the original 102 who sailed on the Mayflower. But the harvest of 1621 was a bountiful one. And the remaining colonists decided to celebrate with a feast — including 91 Indians who had helped the Pilgrims survive their first year. It is believed that the Pilgrims would not have made it through the year without the help of the natives. The feast was more of a traditional English harvest festival than a true “thanksgiving” observance. It lasted three days.

Governor William Bradford sent “four men fowling” after wild ducks and geese. It is not certain that wild turkey was part of their feast. However, it is certain that they had venison. The term “turkey” was used by the Pilgrims to mean any sort of wild fowl.

Another modern staple at almost every Thanksgiving table is pumpkin pie. But it is unlikely that the first feast included that treat. The supply of flour had been long diminished, so there was no bread or pastries of any kind. However, they did eat boiled pumpkin, and they produced a type of fried bread from their corn crop. There was also no milk, cider, potatoes, or butter. There was no domestic cattle for dairy products, and the newly-discovered potato was still considered by many Europeans to be poisonous. But the feast did include fish, berries, watercress, lobster, dried fruit, clams, venison, and plums.

This “thanksgiving” feast was not repeated the following year. Many years passed before the event was repeated. It wasn’t until June of 1676 that another Day of thanksgiving was proclaimed. On June 20 of that year the governing council of Charlestown, Massachusetts, held a meeting to determine how best to express thanks for the good fortune that had seen their community securely established. By unanimous vote they instructed Edward Rawson, the clerk, to proclaim June 29 as a day of thanksgiving. It is notable that this thanksgiving celebration probably did not include the Indians, as the celebration was meant partly to be in recognition of the colonists’ recent victory over the “heathen natives,” (see the proclamation).

A hundred years later, in October of 1777 all 13 colonies joined in a thanksgiving celebration. It also commemorated the patriotic victory over the British at Saratoga. But it was a one-time affair.

George Washington proclaimed a National Day of Thanksgiving in 1789, although some were opposed to it. There was discord among the colonies, many feeling the hardships of a few pilgrims did not warrant a national holiday. And later, President Thomas Jefferson opposed the idea of having a day of thanksgiving.

It was Sarah Josepha Hale, a magazine editor, whose efforts eventually led to what we recognize as Thanksgiving. Hale wrote many editorials championing her cause in her Boston Ladies’ Magazine, and later, in Godey’s Lady’s Book. Finally, after a 40-year campaign of writing editorials and letters to governors and presidents, Hale’s obsession became a reality when, in 1863, President Lincoln proclaimed the last Thursday in November as a national day of Thanksgiving.

Thanksgiving was proclaimed by every president after Lincoln. The date was changed a couple of times, most recently by Franklin Roosevelt, who set it up one week to the next-to-last Thursday in order to create a longer Christmas shopping season. Public uproar against this decision caused the president to move Thanksgiving back to its original date two years later. And in 1941, Thanksgiving was finally sanctioned by Congress as a legal holiday, as the fourth Thursday in November.

Music To Family Tree By Saturday, Sep 26 2009 

Music has always been important to me. It lets us relive moments in our lives and it draws images in the mind of things important to us. There have been those so entranced to the images or times recollected through music that they can smell the era.

I don’t think I have ever had a recollection so strong, but when I am working away on the family archives, I have a particular genre of music that I enjoy. Some call it new age, some call it classical, but I prefer to say it is medieval with a punch.

My favorite would have to be Blackmore’s Night. The band is fronted by former Deep Purple guitarist Ritchie Blackmore and long time fiancee Candice Night. They perform renaissance folk rock. It is an interesting twist on several ancient songs as well as a smattering of Blackmore’s own creations.

My favorite of the songs being this one:

The Coach – A Look at Paul Brown Sunday, Aug 2 2009 

After writing about celebrities in the family, it seems I may have taken a rather blasé look at my grandmother’s generation’s biggest celebrity, and her cousin, Paul Brown. That was never the intention. 
When I was a teenager, I met the football great. At that time, he seemed rather overrated to me. What did I know? I was and still am the family nerd. Baseball, not football, was my sport of choice, and youthful ignorance won the day.
The day cousin Paul died, I was on Cape Cod with my first wife and the radio station WBZ in Boston made the announcement. I remember at that moment thinking, how important it was to begin doing something with our family’s story. It took me another ten years to finally get around to it. Again, youthful ignorance won the day.
My lack of interest truly disappoints me. How many families can claim to have the first coach of an NFL team and the founder of another in their family?

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Paul Eugene Brown (September 7, 1908 – August 5, 1991) was a coach in American football and a major figure in the development of the National Football League. A seminal figure in football history, Brown is considered the “father of the modern offense,” with many claiming that he ranks as one of if not the greatest of football coaches in history. Such claims are backed by significant evidence: Brown dominated as a gridiron general on every major level — high school, college, and professional.

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Paul Brown’s parents, Lester Brown and Ida Belle Sherwood-Brown

Born in Norwalk, Ohio, Brown’s family moved to Massillon when he was nine. His father Lester, a dispatcher for the Wheeling and Lake Erie Railroad, was described as “very meticulous, serious-minded and highly-disciplined,” all of which characterized Brown’s later approach to coaching. Brown graduated from Washington High School in Massillon, Ohio in 1925, having played varsity quarterback in the wake of Harry Stuhldreher (one of the University of Notre Dame’s legendary Four Horsemen).

High school and college coaching career

Enrolling at Ohio State University as a freshman quarterback, Brown (also known as Bruno/Pot) found his 145-pound frame would not stand the rigors of major college football, and transferred to Miami University in Ohio, losing a year of eligibility in the process. Under Coach Chester Pittser, Brown played two years and was named to the All-Ohio small college second team by the AP at the end of the 1928 season. In 1930, he graduated from Miami with a B.A. in Education. He would complete his academic career in 1940 when he received an M.A. in Education from Ohio State University.

As his academic credentials indicate, Brown was as much a teacher as he was a coach. He qualified for a Rhodes Scholarship in 1930, but he had married Katie Kester, his “high school sweetheart”, in 1929 and with the coming of the Great Depression, he needed employment. His coaching career began in 1930 when he was hired as a teacher/coach at Severn School, in Severna Park, Maryland, at the time a Naval Academy preparatory.

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An infant Paul Brown

Washington High School Tigers

Tasting success with a 16-1-1 mark in two seasons at Severn, Brown gave up a brief attempt at law school in 1932 to become at age 23 the head football coach of his hometown Massillon Washington High School Tigers. In his nine years at Massillon Brown posted an 80-8-2 record which included a 35-game winning streak. After his first three years, he had improved the fortunes of the Tigers, but still had been unable to defeat the team’s bitter rival, Canton McKinley High School, losing all three meetings by at least fifteen points per game.

Brown not only ended that frustrating losing streak, but also won the next six games with McKinley, and an overall total of 58 of the next 60 contests, tying one, and was voted to six straight Ohio poll high school football championships. (1935 through 1940) for Massillon. The Tigers outscored their opposition 2,393 to 168 during those six years. The 1940 team outscored its opponents 477 to 6, with the lone score against them made by Canton McKinley. During this period, Brown’s achievements also helped build a new stadium for the high school that seated 20,000 people, and drew crowds that surpassed every football program in Ohio except Ohio State University.

Brown had achieved this success by implementing a system at Massillon based on techniques developed by Dr. John B. “Jock” Sutherland, head coach at the University of Pittsburgh. Sutherland had played professional football for the pioneer Massillon Tigers club when Brown was a boy and had gone on to success as a coach. Brown planned every phase of his program, detailing practice schedules, assigning assistant coaches (which he dubbed “position coaches”) specific duties, and installing his entire system in Massillon’s junior high schools so that players would already know his system when they reached high school.

Ohio State Buckeyes

With avid support from influential groups including the Ohio High School Football Coaches Association and future Purdue University head coach Jack Mollenkopf of Toledo Waite High School, Brown moved into the college ranks by becoming head coach of the Ohio State Buckeyes on January 14, 1941. Under Brown, the Buckeyes went 18-8-1 (1941-43). Brown’s players were known for speed, intelligence, and contact; his teams for execution and fundamentals; and he was dubbed “Precision Paul” at Ohio State.

In his first season at Ohio State Brown went 6-1-1, losing to Northwestern University and their running back Otto Graham, and tying Michigan. The Buckeyes tied for second place in the Western Conference, finished 13th in the AP poll, and Brown was voted fourth place on balloting for National Coach of the Year behind Frank Leahy, Bernie Bierman, and Earl Blaik.

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Lester & Ida Belle Brown at their Massillon home.

The following year, despite losing 18 lettermen to graduation and to military service in World War II, Brown led the Buckeyes to the university’s first National championship, using a team of 3 seniors, 16 juniors, and 24 sophomores. Among his players were senior Les Horvath and four former Massillon players, two of whom (Lin Houston and Tommy James) would play for the Cleveland Browns. The only loss in 1942 was on the road to Wisconsin in a game that came to be known as the “Bad-Water Game,” because most of the team came down with dysentery from unsanitary water during their travel to Madison by railroad.

Brown had recruited what was reputedly the finest freshman team in Ohio history in 1942 but lost virtually all of them to military service. In 1943 Ohio State was handicapped when the school affiliated itself with the U.S. Army’s ASTP officer training, which did not allow its trainees to participate in varsity sports, while schools such as Michigan and Purdue became part of the Navy’s V-12 program, which did. Although the Big Ten promulgated a special wartime exemption in 1943 allowing freshmen to play varsity football, Ohio State found itself in competition against older and larger teams (both military and college) featuring players such as Elroy Hirsch. The 1943 “Baby Bucks” had only five returning players and one starter from the national champion team, six from the 1942 freshman team, and 33 17-year-old freshmen, going 3-6.

After Brown was re-classified 1-A in February 1944, he was commissioned April 12, 1944, as a lieutenant (junior grade) in the United States Navy.[6] He served at the Great Lakes Naval Station as head coach of its Bluejacket football team, which competed against other service teams and college programs, putting together a mark of 15-5-2 during the final two years of World War II. One of those five losses was to Ohio State on October 9, 1944.

After the war, despite still being Ohio State’s head coach in absentia, Brown chose instead to go to Cleveland as part-owner, vice president, general manager and head coach for Arthur B “Mickey” McBride’s entry in the upstart All-America Football Conference. He signed his contract February 8, 1945, while still in the Navy. A name-the-team poll taken in the Cleveland Plain Dealer initially yielded the nickname “Panthers.” However, Brown found out that the “Panthers” name had previously belonged to a semipro team in Cleveland with a long history of losing. At his suggestion, the team sponsored another name-the-team contest which resulted in the name “Brown Bombers,” after heavyweight champion Joe Louis. The name was quickly shortened to “Browns,” which led to speculation that the team was named after Paul Brown himself–a myth which persists to this day.

Until 1951 Brown retained an interest in coaching the Buckeyes. Despite his success as a professional head coach, he let it be known following the resignation of Wes Fesler that he would entertain an offer to return to Ohio State, and he received an immediate show of strong support from many of the same organizations and people who had supported him in 1940. However Brown had also alienated many of his supporters within the Buckeye alumni ranks for failing to return to the coaching position reserved for him at the end of World War II, and within the athletics department by signing Buckeye players, Lou Groza chief among them, to professional contracts before their college eligibility had ended. Brown strenuously denied breaking any rules, claiming that the Browns were allowed to sign those players because they had all completed World War II military service and their college classes had already graduated, as allowed by the rules then in place. Although he interviewed with the university’s athletic board on January 27, 1951, with tumultuous campus support, the board unanimously rejected Brown in favor of Woody Hayes, who was unanimously endorsed by the board of trustees.

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Paul Brown Stadium in Cincinnati, Ohio

Professional leagues
Cleveland Browns

While the AAFC lasted only four seasons, the Browns served as the gold standard for the league, winning all four championships and losing only four games during the league’s four-year existence

Brown put together the most extensive player recruitment network that had ever been seen in pro football at the time. The great majority of the early Browns teams came from Massillon, Ohio State and Great Lakes. One key move came when he tapped Otto Graham, a single-wing tailback during his days at Northwestern University, as his quarterback, providing the team with a signal caller who would lead the team to the league title game in each of his 10 seasons. In addition, Brown ignored the gentlemen’s agreement that barred African-American players from the league, adding future Pro Football Hall of Famers Marion Motley and Bill Willis.

Following the merger between the NFL and AAFC, the Browns, along with the San Francisco 49ers and the first Baltimore Colts franchise, moved to the NFL in 1950. Critics had predicted that the overall weakness of the AAFC would expose the Browns. However, in their very first official NFL game, the Browns dismantled the two-time defending champion Philadelphia Eagles 35-10, putting up 487 yards of total offense, 346 of them in the air. They won the NFL Championship in their first year, defeating the Rams in the title game on December 24 on a last-minute field goal by Lou Groza. The Browns went on to appear in the next five title games, winning back-to-back titles in 1954 and 1955.

Brown was a great innovator during his time in Cleveland. He was the first to use intelligence tests to judge players, establish a game film library, instruct players in a classroom setting, use a radio transmitter to communicate with players on the field, and install face masks on helmets. Another innovation was the use of “messenger guards” to relay plays from the sidelines after the radio proved problematic due to the technology then available. The offense directed by Graham was the predecessor of the West Coast offense made famous by Bill Walsh, a protégé of Brown.

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Michael & Paul Brown, circa 1986

He was also a person known for his stubborn approach to criticism. In 1950, Eagles head coach Greasy Neale dismissed the Browns’ shredding of his Eagles’ vaunted defense in the season opener by saying, “All they do is pass the ball.” In the team’s subsequent meeting a few months later, the Browns set an NFL record that still stands by attempting no passes in a 13-7 win over the Eagles.

By 1959, Brown was respected enough in the NFL that efforts were made to draft him for the league’s commissionership, which was vacant following the death of Bert Bell. Brown declined, and Pete Rozelle was eventually chosen.

Fired

Brown was fired as coach on January 9, 1963 by majority owner, Art Modell, who had purchased the club in 1961 and looked to take more control over the team. Controversy developed over the timing of the decision, coming in the midst of a local newspaper strike that limited discussion of the move. One comment from a local journalist later noted the move was akin to the toppling of the Terminal Tower, then Cleveland’s tallest building.

The relationship, which had never been warm, had continued to deteriorate because Brown felt Modell interfered too much in personnel matters. The team’s previous two owners, McBride and David Jones, gave Brown complete control over the football side of the operation.

Shortly after Modell bought control, Brown privately made a huge trade with the Washington Redskins in December 1961 without Modell’s knowledge. Brown’s deal secured Heisman Trophy winner Ernie Davis, the star running back from Syracuse University. However, the trade marked the beginning of the end of his Cleveland career and turned tragic when Davis developed leukemia during his first training camp in 1962. The feud itself was exacerbated when Brown chose not to play Davis, despite assurances from doctors that Davis could withstand the physical demands of NFL action. Modell saw no harm in playing Davis, with his financial investment obviously a consideration in his thinking. Davis would never play in a professional game, dying of the disease on May 18, 1963.

Modell was also concerned that Brown’s old-school disciplinarianism wasn’t suited to the team’s younger players, such as Jim Brown.

In exile after more than 30 years of coaching, Brown spent the next five years away from the sidelines, never once attending a Browns contest. While he was secure financially, earning $82,500 annually for the final five years of his contract as well as retaining approximately six percent of the team, Brown’s frustration grew with each passing year, later recalling, “It was terrible. I had everything a man could want: leisure, enough money, a wonderful family. Yet with all that, I was eating my heart out.” Because Brown was still receiving his annual salary from the Browns and liked to golf, it was said in jest that only two men in the country made more money at golf than he did: Arnold Palmer and Jack Nicklaus.

Just months after his dismissal, he was rumored to be part of an ownership group to buy the Philadelphia Eagles, but no deal was ever officially signed. Then, in May 1966, Brown sold his stake in the Browns and traveled with Ohio Governor James A. Rhodes to make a presentation on behalf of Cincinnati for an American Football League franchise.

Cincinnati Bengals

On September 26, 1967, Brown officially returned to football as principal owner, general manager, and coach of the Cincinnati Bengals of the NFL’s rival American Football League. The team would join the NFL with the NFL-AFL merger in 1970. He would coach the team for eight seasons, leading the team to three playoff berths, including one in the team’s third year of operation in 1970. In each of those seasons, as well as a number of preseason clashes, Browns’ Bengals took on his former Browns team, reigniting the bitter rivalry between Brown and Modell. Brown was criticized for failing to shake Browns’ coach Collier’s hand after the first Browns/Bengals games in 1970.

Brown stepped down as coach on January 1, 1976, but remained as team president. Under him, the Bengals made two trips to the Super Bowl, losing both games to Bill Walsh ’s San Francisco 49ers. Following his death in 1991 of complications from pneumonia Brown was succeeded by his son Mike as Bengals’ team president.

Ironically, Walsh, who was a Cincinnati Bengals assistant for seven seasons under Brown, was passed over in favor of Bill “Tiger” Johnson when Brown retired in 1975. In a 2006 interview, Walsh claimed that during his tenure with the Bengals, Brown “worked against my candidacy” to be a head coach anywhere in the league. “All the way through I had opportunities, and I never knew about them,” Walsh said. “And then when I left him, he called whoever he thought was necessary to keep me out of the NFL.” Michael Lewis confirmed Walsh’s argument (cf. “The Blind Side,” pp. 96-7, W.W. Norton, 2006): “Brown had several times refused other NFL teams permission to interview Walsh for their head coaching jobs, without bothering to mention their interest to Walsh. Instead Brown had told Walsh that he didn’t think he’d ever make a good NFL head coach.”

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Paul & Mary Bown, Ilene Wright, and Scott Truman at one of the Brown Family Reunions in the mid 1980’s

Honors

Brown was honored in 1967 by his election to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio. In addition to that accolade, two stadiums bear his name: Paul Brown Tiger Stadium in Massillon, and Paul Brown Stadium, current home of the Bengals.

Brown’s first wife, Kathryn “Katie” Brown, died in 1969 and in 1973 he married his former secretary, Mary Rightsell. He died in Cincinnati on August 5, 1991, and is buried in Rose Hill Cemetery in Massillon, Ohio.

From the Newspapers

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BROWN REMEMBERED AS PIONEER, INNOVATOR
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Plain Dealer, The (Cleveland, OH)-August 6, 1991
Author: CHUCK HEATON PLAIN DEALER REPORTER

Art Modell, the man who fired Paul Brown as general manager and coach of the Browns in January 1963, said yesterday he was saddened by the death of the football giant.

“Despite our differences I regarded him as a man who was great for professional football,” Modell said. “He was an innovator and a pioneer in the game.

“I look back and am amazed at what he did in the early going. So many things that have happened for the good of the game are the result of his vision. He was years ahead of the others.

“He even won in service football.”

Brown was fired after a 7-6-1 season in 1962, but that record was not the reason for the dismissal. It was a personality clash of two strong-willed men and Brown could not reconcile himself to a hands-on owner after directing every aspect of the club from its inception in 1946.

The breakup was characterized by bitter feelings for years, but the passage of time mellowed both men. They never became close friends, but they got back together to some extent at NFL meetings and social gatherings at those huddles.

“We got closer some years back,” Modell said. “We never became bosom buddies to the point of playing gin rummy together on Saturday nights, but we did get closer.

“Paul was a conservative and I lean that way sometimes. So we were on the same side of the fence at many NFL meetings.

“We were on the same side on the merger of the AFL and the NFL alignment. We got, I believe, a new respect for each other with the passage of time.”

Modell recalled that he was instrumental in bringing Brown back into football through the franchise granted to the Cincinnati Bengals. He OK’d placing another pro team in the state.

“I worked with Gov. Jim Rhodes on this,” Modell said. “If it wasn’t for me I don’t believe he would have been back in the game. And the rivalry with the Bengals has become a very good one.

“This has been one of my proudest achievements.”

As soon as he was informed of Brown’s death, Modell ordered his staff to have a moment of silence in memory of Brown at last night’s exhibition game between the Browns and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.

Many other NFL owners, coaches and players expressed similar sentiments when they learned of Brown’s death. Accolades swept in from all parts of the nation.

Lin Houston and Tommy James, both of whom played for Brown at Massillon, Ohio State and the Browns, were about to tee off at Brookside Country Club in Canton when they received the news.

“I wouldn’t have played for him at all those places if I didn’t like and respect him,” said James, a defensive back. “We had a few differences, but he treated me just fine. He always told us football was secondary to an education.”

Houston, who spent part of his years with the Browns as a “messenger guard,” running in plays, said, “I know that nobody lives for ever, but this was a real loss.

“I spent 13 years under Paul. I regard him as a super coach. He taught a lot of coaches how this game is played.”

Fellow Hall of Famer Tom Landry, former coach of the Dallas Cowboys, said that Brown “pretty much shaped my coaching philosophy. No one had more influence on me than he had. He was the first IBM coach. He used the briefcase and the hat.

“He brought organization into pro football. We thought we had to perfect our defense to the point they perfected their offense.”

When Lou Groza, who had spent a year at Ohio State, came out of the U.S. Army in World War II, Brown signed him as a place-kicker and offensive tackle. Known as the Toe, Groza is in the Hall of Fame.

“We had a good relationship,” said Groza, now an insurance executive. “When I had a problem I could go directly to him. He always has kept track of his former players. Paul was a tough disciplinarian and a fine organizer and got good players and good assistant coaches.”

Brown used to describe Mike McCormack as “the finest offensive lineman I ever coached.” McCormack had an equally high opinion of the coach.

“We’ve lost a real giant of the game,” he said. “He was such a great innovator and at his best when the game was kind of teetering.

“Remember how he was severely criticized for calling the plays? Now there isn’t a level of football in which the coach doesn’t do this.”

McCormack said he last saw Brown at the NFL meetings in Hawaii in March. “We had what must have been a 40-minute talk,” he said. “I’m so glad for that.”

Miami coach Don Shula played for Brown and as a player at John Carroll spent much time watching Brown’s teams.

“With the passing of Paul Brown, football has lost one of the great contributors to the game,” Shula said. “I feel privileged to have played for him and to have worked for him for over 15 years on the league competition committee. He had a profound impact on my development as a coach.”

Former Browns and Cincinnati coach Forrest Gregg remembered that Brown gave him a second opportunity to coach in the NFL. “I will never forget that and will always appreciate that,” Gregg, now athletic director at Southern Methodist, said. “I really respected the man. He had a wonderful eye for talent.”

MARION MOTLEY, Browns fullback, 1946 to 1953 – “He was such an innovator. You know, he came up with the split end, and he was the first to move the halfbacks around so that the defense had to move with them. Everyone else just followed him.”

TAYLOR SMITH, president of the Atlanta Falcons – “He and George Halas (late founder of the Chicago Bears) were like the fathers of the NFL. He is one of the true greats of all time in the history of the NFL.”

MICHAEL R. WHITE, Cleveland mayor – “The game of football has lost one of its giants. Paul Brown, probably more so than any other individual, is responsible for transforming the game of football into the popular national sport that we enjoy today. He was an innovator, a competitor unlike any other the sport has seen. Because of his special significance to Cleveland, I urge all residents to join me in extending condolences to his family and friends.”

JOHN WOOTEN, Browns lineman, 1959-1967 – “He was such an outstanding technician. With that I mean the head, the feet, the steps. His game and his knowledge of the game was unbelievable. He was so far ahead as far as teaching and the fundamentals of the game. Other people were working just during the season. He was working all year round.”

BILL (TIGER) JOHNSON, former Bengals head and assistant coach – “It’s not a happy day and it is difficult for me. The things I remember most are when I was with the 49ers as a player and coach. The Browns were always our biggest rival and I always placed Paul above everyone. He was untouchable, an idol, in a position of reverence. He was all those years bigger than life. And none of that changed years later when I went to work for him. He was forever a leader in our profession.”

WEEB EWBANK, former New York Jets and Baltimore Colts head coach, an assistant with Brown at Great Lakes and at Cleveland – “This is very hard for me. Our families were so close. My wife, Lucy, and his (first) wife, Katie, often took long walks together. I meant to call him last week but could not get through. Paul was to be my presenter at the Pro Football Hall of Fame, but that was the year his son, Robin, died (1978). He was one of the greatest as a man and a coach. He was a gentleman and a wonderful friend.”

JOHN PONT, longtime college coach and a charter member of Miami University’s “Cradle of Coaches” like Brown – “He was a good friend. I know a great deal will be said of his football and innovative contributions and what he did for and with his players. When I first started coaching in 1956, I went to the Browns’ camp in Hiram, Ohio. I was a rookie coach, but he was one of the most gracious and courteous individuals I ever met. He always had a kind word and a smile. He was a gentleman in every sense of the word. He had very strong convictions and, throughout his life, he did not change them.”

GERRY FAUST, former coach at Cincinnati Moeller High School, Notre Dame and now coach at University of Akron – “He and his wife Mary treated me first class when I was a high-school coach even though he had no reason to do that. He was a great man and I will miss him.”

JACK CLARY, Brown’s official biographer – “Personally, I am saddened. I lost a dear friend, the finest person next to my father I have ever known. He was a wise and compassionate man. The game itself should be saddened. He was probably the wisest man in the game today who is responsible for the game reaching the heights it has.”

BOOMER ESIASON, Bengals quarterback – “When I was a rookie, I got a chance to sit next to him on the bus on the way to a game. He said to me, ‘Boomer, don’t ever forget the people who came before you and made football the game it is today.’

===============================================
APPRECIATION
PAUL BROWN ‘ALWAYS HAD A PURPOSE FOR WHAT HE SAID’: WINNING
===============================================
Washington Post-August 6, 1991
Author: Leonard Shapiro, Washington Post Staff Writer

Frank Ryan has a doctorate in mathematics, has been an athletic director at Yale and is now a vice president at Rice University. But even now he cringes at some of his most memorable classroom experiences of all, sitting in a darkened room before practice as Paul Brown, his coach with the Cleveland Browns, dissected film of quarterback Ryan’s performance the previous day

“He laid you bare naked in front of the whole world,” Ryan recalled yesterday. “You’d be there, he’d stop the projector and put the lights on and look right through you, telling you how badly you had screwed something up. Everyone hated those sessions, but he always had a purpose for what he said, and no one ever made the same mistake twice.”

Brown, maybe the greatest coach in the history of professional football, died yesterday at age 82 at his suburban Cincinnati home from complications caused by pneumonia {Obituary, Page B4}. He never retired from the game he loved, still active as part-owner, vice president and general manager of the Cincinnati Bengals.

Brown was remembered yesterday as one of the game’s innovators, a genuine football genius who won and won big at every level, from a brilliant high school coaching career in Massillon, Ohio, where they named a stadium after him, to a national championship at Ohio State in 1942, to four straight titles in the old All-America Conference with the team he started, the Cleveland Browns, to three NFL championships and seven Eastern Conference titles.

After being dismissed as coach by new owner Art Modell in 1963 despite a record of 168-68-8, Brown went to football exile before returning in 1967 to found and coach the expansion Bengals of the American Football League. After the AFL merged with the NFL in 1970, the Bengals won the AFC Central that first year, the earliest an expansion team has ever won a division championship. He coached the Bengals to an 11-3 record in 1975, his last year on the field before becoming a full-time general manager as well as a powerful force in the league.

Brown will be remembered for producing a long line of head coaches who either played or coached for him, among them Weeb Ewbank, Don Shula, Blanton Collier, Bill Walsh, Otto Graham and Mike McCormack, and for the innovations he brought to the game. For example, he was the first to use “messenger guards” to get his plays to his quarterback and to have a printed playbook.

“When I was inducted into the Hall of Fame {in 1984}, Paul Brown presented me and gave me a copy of my first playbook,” said McCormack, an offensive lineman under Brown in Cleveland for nine seasons. “When I first came into the league with the old New York Yankees in 1951, they would give you a secretary’s shorthand notebook and you took your own notes. Not Paul. He had it all there for you.”

Brown called all the plays for his quarterbacks, including the great Graham. McCormack recalled playing against the New York Giants in a game almost halted when fans spilled onto the field in the final seconds: “The referees called us back from the locker room to finish it. Our offense went out. Twelve guys. Even though we were only kneeling down with the ball, Paul wanted the messengers out there.”

Brown was responsible for drafting Jim Brown out of Syracuse and setting up the schemes that made him the most feared runner in the game. He paired Brown with Bobby Mitchell, now assistant general manager of the Washington Redskins, and that combination was virtually impossible to contain.

“Paul Brown and Jim Brown respected each other,” McCormack said. “I was at a dinner honoring Paul a few years ago in Dayton, really the first reunion between Paul and Jim. Jim got up and said to Paul, ‘Everyone always said you and I had problems, but no one ever quoted me about that, and no one ever asked me.’ “

Added Ryan: “I think Jimmy was a real challenge to Paul. He treated Jim a little different than the rest of us. He didn’t dress him down in the meetings. He’d only criticize Jim when he figured Jim knew he knew anyway. But he knew how to handle everyone. . . .

“I only played for him one year. . . . He even called the plays in practice. So he let me do it {once}. I got it in there and he didn’t say a word. But from then on, he always knew that if I made a mistake, it was always better to let me correct it right away. He learned from it.

“In games, he’d call plays I never even thought about calling, and they always worked. I would come back to the bench and tell my teammates, ‘Can you believe that call?’ He was always one step ahead of the defense, always thinking ahead.

“One of the most wonderful days of my life happened a few years after I stopped playing. I was in Washington then and he was bringing the Bengals in to play the Redskins. I called him to try and meet him at the hotel. I got him on the phone and said, ‘This is Frank Ryan.’ He said, ‘You mean my Frank Ryan.’ That meant so much to me. It touches me to this day.

PAUL BROWN’S COACHING CAREER……

Year……Team………….W-L-T…….Pct.

1941-43…Ohio State……18-8-1…… .685

1946-49…Cleveland*……47-4-3…… .898

1950……Cleveland…….10-2-0…… .833

1951……Cleveland…….11-1-0…… .917

1952……Cleveland……..8-4-0…… .667

1953……Cleveland…….11-1-0…… .917

1954……Cleveland……..9-3-0…… .750

1955……Cleveland……..9-2-1…… .792

1956……Cleveland……..5-7-0…… .417

1957……Cleveland……..9-2-1…… .792

1958……Cleveland……..9-3-0…… .750

1959……Cleveland……..7-5-0…… .583

1960……Cleveland……..8-3-1…… .708

1961……Cleveland……..8-5-1…… .607

1962……Cleveland……..7-6-1…… .536

1968……Cincinnati……3-11-0…… .214

1969……Cincinnati…….4-9-1…… .321

1970……Cincinnati…….8-6-0…… .571

1971……Cincinnati……4-10-0…… .286

1972……Cincinnati…….8-6-0…… .571

1973……Cincinnati……10-4-0…… .714

1974……Cincinnati…….7-7-0…… .500

1975……Cincinnati……11-3-0…… .786

……….NFL Totals…166-100-6…… .621

POSTSEASON

1946-49*..Cleveland……..5-0-0….. 1.000

1950-75…Cle./Cin………4-8-0…… .333

*-All-America Conference.

BROWN’S INNOVATIONS

Used intelligence tests as a hint to players’ learning potential.

Used notebooks and classroom techniques extensively.

Used complete film clip statistical studies, which he used to grade

his players.

Used guards as messengers in calling the plays from the sideline.

Perfected defense that could counteract a pattern passing attack.

Kept players and coaches at a hotel the night before a game.

Source: Cincinnati Bengals

Preserving Newspapers for the Future Sunday, Aug 2 2009 

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The birth of Peter Brown

Part of the “Wright Collection” is a huge amount of newspaper clippings. These clippings date from the late 1880’s to the 1970’s. Many of them date from the 1920’s on because Great Grandma Myrtle was a huge pack rat.

Many of these clippings are tiny pieces of papers, since they were obituaries or advertisements for family businesses. I have tried to find the proper way to preserve or restore these snap shots of family history, and it seems there is little that can be done.

This article comes from the Library of Congress and should help with the storing of newspapers when whole. The best advice I can give for storing clippings is to use an acid free backing board and as close to an air tight sealing method as possible. Be sure to make copies of all articles of value. And remember, light is your enemy when it comes to newsprint.

DO NOT soak your important newspaper articles in milk of magnesia, nor any sort of glue. I can not stress enough the complete irresponsibility of those advising this as a storage medium. If you are concerned about newsprint being brittle and cracking, what do you think will happen when it dries from these treatments?

Preserving Newspapers
Introduction

Of the thousands of newspapers published in the United States each day, most eventually find their way into trash bins, under litter boxes, into bird cages, or, hopefully, into recycling containers. The perception persists that yesterday’s news is no news at all. For librarians and archivists, however, that perception presents a tremendous challenge. As a resource for scholars and researchers, no form of publication captures the day-to-day life of a community and its citizens better than the local newspaper. Under the headlines proclaiming great events are editorials, human interest stories, society news, sports reporting, advice columns, obituaries, and business reports that, as a whole, tell the life story of the communities in which those great events take place and the lives they affect. Even in the most extreme instances, when the editorial content of the newspaper reflects journalism at its most outrageous, the ordinary details of daily life can still be found and appreciated.

As a primary source for local history information, all newspapers – metropolitan dailies, suburban papers, rural weeklies, and the rich ethnic press – are worthy of retention and preservation. Yet the effort required, due both to the number of papers published and to the quality of the paper on which they are printed, is tremendous.

Prior to the mid-1800’s, newspapers were printed on paper made using cotton rag fiber. Many of these newspapers, even dating from the early eighteenth century, survive in excellent condition and will, if properly handled and cared for, survive for generations to come. Production of rag paper was a relatively expensive process, however, and as the nineteenth century progressed, technology and increasing literacy combined to encourage cheaper production of paper.

By the 1880’s most newspapers and other mass market publications were being published on paper that was produced using a manufacturing technique that substituted untreated ground wood fibers for more expensive rag content, and included additional substances to prevent discoloration and decrease porosity. Paper made using this process carries within itself reactive agents that will speed its deterioration. Excessive moisture will cause the lignins and other impurities present in the newsprint to produce acids which weaken the paper. On the other hand, excessive heat and dryness will contribute to the paper’s brittleness. While the use of wood pulp allowed production of a more economical medium for publication, it also guaranteed the instability of that medium over time. The cheapest and least stable form of this paper is newsprint. In addition to its obvious fragility, today’s newsprint is especially susceptible to damage caused by heat, light, dampness and airborne pollutants.

Conservators have developed a range of treatments and techniques that stabilize and in some cases even strengthen paper made from ground wood pulp, but due to high costs the application of these techniques is normally restricted to very special items in a collection that has high intrinsic value. For libraries, archives, and historical societies that hope to allow continued use of larger collections, the most economical option is to preserve the intellectual content of the publications through reformatting.

Preservation Microfilming of Newspapers
The first newspaper to be microfilmed was the London Evening News, filmed in 1853 to demonstrate the viability of microfilming techniques. As early as the 1930’s, microphotography was recommended as a means of preserving the information available in newspapers, however, the life-expectancy of film at the time was less than a generation. By the end of that decade both the Library of Congress and the New York Public Library had established full-fledged microfilming programs. Continuing experimentation and research in film stability and environment for storage of film, combined with refinements in high-resolution photographic equipment, provide assurance that microfilm produced, processed, and stored in adherence to national and international standards remains an economical and reliable means of preserving access to newspapers.

Anyone considering a preservation microfilming project should consult the RLG Preservation Microfilming Handbook.¹ General requirements and recommendations for microfilming newspapers can be found in the standard ANSI/AIIM MS-111, Recommended Practice for Microfilming Printed Newspapers on 35mm Roll Microfilm.²

When microfilming is selected as a means of preservation, bibliographic databases, union lists, and microfilm publishers’ catalogs should be searched to discover whether the material to be filmed is already available in acceptable microform from other sources, thus avoiding duplication and potential copyright concerns. Once a title is selected for filming, every effort should be made to compile to most complete run in the best condition. Bibliographic resources that provide holdings information should be consulted to obtain needed issues to complete the run.

As any experienced researcher will confirm, nothing is more frustrating than to be forced to use poorly produced microfilm. Yet properly produced microfilm of newspapers is often easier and more satisfying to use for research than large, unwieldy bound volumes of newsprint. In order to insure that the preserved materials will indeed be useful, it would be helpful for those organizing the materials to see the task as essentially an editorial function, preparing and organizing text for re-publication in another format.

Special attention should be paid to organizing the newspaper file and preparing bibliographic identification and information targets to be filmed with the newspaper. Information about missing issues, title changes, and special editions, if filmed as information targets at the beginning of each reel, will greatly assist researchers.

Current preservation guidelines and recommendations call for production of a camera, or “master,” negative to be stored in a secure, environmentally controlled facility, preferably in a location separate from that in which the collection is housed; and the production of an intermediate, or “printing” negative to be used for production of service positives (user copies). The intermediate negative should also be stored in an environmentally controlled, secure location. Ideally, the master negative should only be used if all other surviving generations are destroyed. Care should be taken to assure that all generations of film are stored in alkaline, non- photoreactive boxes, and that machines used for reading and printing from the film are kept clean and are properly maintained.

If contracting for microfilming services, care should be taken to assure that the laboratory has experience in preservation microfilming projects. Since it is most likely that materials will not be available for re-filming in the future, any steps taken to insure that the work to be done meets all current standards will not be wasted.

Conservation Treatment of Newspapers
Newspaper issues or pages may require conservation treatment in order to preserve them as intrinsic artifacts, or for research or exhibit purposes. Conservation treatment should be referred to a professional paper conservator, since any treatment process can entail risk to both the material and the personnel involved. Information on selecting a conservator may be found in the brochure Guidelines for Selecting a Conservator³, available from the American Institute for Conservation. The conservation treatment selected will depend upon the characteristics of the individual item and its condition; testing will be done before beginning the treatment process. Acidic newsprint often requires deacidification and the deposit of an alkaline buffer (a.k.a. alkalization) to stabilize the paper. Repairs to the paper may be done using Japanese paper and wheat paste or heat-set tissue; pressure sensitive adhesive tapes are not recommended. It is important to use good quality materials that will hold up over time. In order to provide support for a fragile sheet and permit safer handing, a deacidified newspaper page can be stored or encapsulated in a polyester film sleeve or folder. More information on encapsulation can be found in Encapsulation in Polyester Film Using Double-Sided Tape.4 It is preferable to avoid encapsulating newspapers which have not been deacidified. However, if newsprint is acidic and extreme fragility indicates the need for encapsulation, an alkaline buffered sheet should be placed behind the newspaper whenever possible.

Cellulose acetate lamination is not recommended for newsprint, especially for those newspapers which have intrinsic value. Lamination can extend the time over which newsprint can be actively handled, but it will also damage the paper, and is not fully reversible.

Preserving Newspaper Clippings By Preservation Photocopying
While every reference librarian can attest to the usefulness of clipping files, those fading bits of paper constitute a preservation challenge. Many libraries and archives have opted to convert their newspaper clipping files to microfilm, but that option is open to debate, particularly when the newspaper itself has been preserved on film.

For current newspaper articles, preservation photocopying of material is recommended as a substitute for clipping files. Not only is the ease of access that clipping files have always provided maintained, but future reformatting of articles into digital form will be greatly facilitated by this option. Additional reformatting information can be found in Guidelines for Preservation Photocopying.5
Digitization of Newspapers on Microfilm

The rapid development of electronic imaging and storage technologies holds great promise for enhancing access to all types of research materials, including newspapers. As implied above, for example, the highly labor-intensive task of newspaper indexing can be accomplished with remarkable efficiency and savings by conversion of text into electronic form. Because of the size of most newspaper pages and their brittleness, the direct use of electronic imaging as a tool for newspaper reformatting is still far from a practical reality. Cost considerations may further prevent it from becoming a widely-available option. It should also be emphasized that digitization, for a wide variety of technical problems, is not generally accepted as a preservation technique.

Scanning from microfilm, however, involves proven technology and can be done with off-the-shelf equipment for which all requisite standards exist. Combining the two technologies into a hybrid approach provides assurance that the information will be preserved on microfilm while access capabilities are enhanced, and even created, through digitization.

It should be noted here that while many current newspapers are widely available in electronic form, either via the World Wide Web or in CD-ROM format, the issue of completeness should concern anyone who would use these as a surrogate for the newsprint edition. With only a few exceptions, the newspapers available in electronic form do not always include the classified ads, legal and death notices, and other local features historians and researchers find so important. Many do not include photographs and advertising sections. If these products are allowed to serve in libraries and archives as a substitute for the newspaper itself, then much of what is characteristic of newspapers as a tool for research is lost.

Binding
While microfilming remains as the most reliable means of preserving the intellectual content of newspapers, many institutions will need to service and store newsprint for long periods of time prior to filming and, in some cases, may wish to store original copies on a permanent basis. Binding has been a frequently used method for organizing and storing newspaper files for many decades, but it is not recommended. Apart from the expense, binding of newspapers is often damaging to the text; creates unwieldy volumes that are difficult to handle properly; and even encourages some institutions to shelve volumes vertically, which can cause the text block to pull away from the binding. Oversize folio volumes should be stored flat.

Housing
If retrospective files of newspapers will be used fairly frequently, the recommended method is to store the papers flat in boxes, with lids the same depth as the base. While buffered custom boxes made to fit each newspaper file would be ideal, standard sizes (18 x 24 x 2.5 inches or 24 x 30 x 2.5 inches) offered by several suppliers should be adequate for most newspaper files. Inserts can be made from buffered card to customize the interior size of the box to that of the newspaper. Prior to boxing, the newspapers should be stacked neatly, organized in chronological sequence and a finding aid should be prepared that lists the titles and issues held, to prevent excessive handling of the issues themselves. The box label should contain the title(s) and range of dates contained in the box, with a list of missing issues attached to the inside of the box lid for easy reference. The boxes will provide overall support and will protect the newspapers from light, dust, and insects while allowing easy access.

Wrapping
For files that will be used less frequently, flat storage of newspapers bundled and wrapped in a sturdy alkaline paper is sufficient. Because the bundles must be reassembled and retied after each use, this option is often used for large collections of original copy that have been microfilmed, and thus use can be restricted to those instances when only the original can provide the needed information (e.g., photographs). Often, when previously-bound newspapers have been disbound and the originals are kept after filming , the binding boards are kept and used as an extra support outside the alkaline paper-wrapped bundle, with an additional wrapping of ordinary kraft paper as an outer protection. Alkaline buffered corrugated boards cut slightly larger than the newspaper may be substituted for the binding boards. For tying the bundles, select a flat cord and be careful that the cord cannot cut into the newspapers. Once again, a list of titles and issues held should be prepared, and bundles should be identified appropriately to avoid excessive handling. (In both storage instances, placing alkaline tissue paper over color pages can alleviate bleed-through onto adjoining pages.)

Some experimentation is being carried out with polyethylene wrappings, including poly-sealing or shrink-wrapping. At the time of this writing, there is not sufficient evidence that such storage options justify the cost. A major concern is that re-sealing would be required each time an issue is retrieved.

Storage Environment
It is understood that libraries and historical societies throughout the U.S. are often housed in buildings that do not easily approximate current recommended standards for storage of library materials. Even when conditions are not ideal, basic steps can be taken in nearly any facility to better protect the materials stored there. The simplest method, and most often overlooked, is good housekeeping. Choose storage locations which minimize exposure of newspapers to dampness, heat, air pollutants, dust, insects and vermin. Store the newspapers above the floor, to avoid damage from unexpected water. Newspaper collections may suffer as much from lack of care as from intentional damage (clipping or mutilation). Information and references for storage of microfilm can be found in RLG Preservation Microfilming Handbook, noted above.

Bibliographic Control
While often overlooked as a preservation concern, appropriate bibliographic control is an essential component to the success of any newspaper preservation program. Complete citations assure that preserved material can be accessed by users, and that the costly duplication of preservation efforts can be avoided by others attempting to do the same work. Comprehensive bibliographic information enables one to determine who holds a given title and what issues are available or missing, as well as any comments concerning supplements, editions, or title changes. Unfortunately, few libraries, and fewer local historical societies and archives, have been able to maintain consistent bibliographic control over their newspaper collections. Any attempt at preserving newspapers without also providing bibliographic control will only exacerbate the problem, as users of poorly prepared newspaper microfilm will attest.

The United States Newspaper Program
Since the early 1980’s, the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities have been directing a massive nationwide effort to preserve the rich mix of detail, opinion, criticism, fact, and folly that survives on the pages of newspapers throughout the country. The United States Newspaper Program (USNP) is a cooperative national effort to locate, catalog, preserve on microfilm, and make available to researchers newspapers published in the United States from the eighteenth century to the present.

Supported by funds from the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) Division of Preservation and Access, and with technical support and project management provided by the Library of Congress Preservation Directorate, projects in each of the fifty states and the United States Trust Territories seek out and survey newspaper collections. Project staff catalog the collections, and contribute machine-readable bibliographic and holdings records to the USNP National Union List, which is available throughout the world via the OCLC Online Computer Library Center’s WorldCat service. Project staff also organize, select, and prepare appropriate files for preservation microfilming, which is carried out in accordance with national and international preservation standards and procedures.

USNP projects are organized as cooperative efforts within each state, generally with one agency serving as the lead. Project staff survey libraries, courthouses, newspaper offices, historical agencies, archives, and private collections to locate and inventory newspaper files. To support this activity, NEH expects to continue its funding for the USNP into the first decade of the 21st century, at which time it is estimated that projects will have cataloged some 200,000 newspaper titles found in more than 500,000 locations.

While the work of USNP project in each state will provide a basis for continuing newspaper preservation efforts, the program will ultimately convert only a percentage of deteriorating newsprint to microfilm. From the beginning, it has been the intent of program planners and managers that the continued effort must be decentralized in order to remain effective. It is only logical that access to a local newspaper should be maintained in the region where it is published, for it is there that it will have the greatest relevance for research. In some states, legislation mandating deposit of newspapers containing legal notices provides some assurance that titles will be maintained. Local and state libraries, historical societies, archives, court offices, and newspaper publishers have all shared a role in saving retrospective files of newspapers; yet all face the problem of attempting to maintain access to those collections as the paper itself deteriorates.

References
1. Elkington, Nancy E., RLG Preservation Microfilming Handbook. Mountain View, CA: Research Libraries Group, 1992.

2. Recommended Practice for Microfilming Printed Newspapers on 35mm Microfilm. ANSI/AIIM MS11-1994. Silver Spring, Md.: Association for Information and Image Management, 1994. (Available from AIIM at: 1100 Wayne Ave., Suite 1100, Silver Spring, MD 20910)

3. Guidelines for Selecting a Conservator. [Brochure] Washington, DC: American Institute for Conservation, 1991. (Available from AIC at: 1717 K St., NW., Suite 301, Washington, DC 20006 Phone: (202) 452-9545

4. Encapsulation in Polyester Film Using Double-Sided Tape. Technical Leaflet. Andover, Mass.: Northeast Document Conservation Center, 1992. (Available from NEDCC at: 100 Brickstone Square, Andover, MA 01810-1494)

5. Guidelines for Preservation Photocopying. Library Resources & Technical Services38(3):288-292 (July 1994)

A Celebrity in the Family Sunday, Aug 2 2009 

Most people who know anything about our family realize that Paul Brown, founder, part owner and coach of both the Cleveland Browns and Cincinnati Bengals is first cousin of my grandmother and Uncle Bill.

I find it humorous that many use our cousin Paul as our family’s claim to fame. While Paul Brown was certainly a great Brown, he is not the only famous person in our family, and certainly on the scale of some of the members, he was hardly famous at all.

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A distant cousin, but a member of the family nonetheless, is John Brown, many people nowadays don’t remember John Brown and those that do think him to be the abolitionist that made a mess of Harper’s Ferry. That is not the John Brown we are discussing here. This John Brown was a servant and believed lover of the Queen of England, Victoria. Mrs. Brown, as she was rumored by political enemies was buried not only with a dressing gown of Prince Albert’s, but with a lock of hair and a photo of John Brown.

Many in positions of power in the British government dealt with the wrath of Mr. Brown when they dared to speak against the Queen, and it was even rumored that the two married after the death of the Prince.

While that charge has always been denied by the British government, it is believed the two were quite in love and that Brown was held in such high regard in the Palace, that Edward VII had all mementos, statues and document made by his mother for and of Brown destroyed or discarded at the time of her death, to aid in the erasure of his memory.

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Another famous cousin in our family is the Emmy nominated actress Kyra Sedgwick. Our branches in the family tree split at Samuel Sedgwick and Mary Hopkins, so the relationship is distant enough that it barely matters. And her marriage to Kevin Bacon kept this author from researching the effect of marriage to distant cousins.

While her primary claim to fame is currently the lead in the TNT series The Closer, her filmography begins in the early eighties as a member of the cast Another World.

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The Browns and the Sedgwicks are not the only families with well known members. The Sherwood family, Paul Brown’s mother’s family, is a lineage anyone would be happy to have as their own. The former Ida Belle Sherwood was reportedly a descendant (according to many researchers – a belief of which I do not subscribe) of one of the most nobel blood lines of any of the families. She was a descendant of the Carolingian Dynasty. For those who are not historians, this blood line included Charlemagne of the Franks and Pippin the Elder. In the picture above, she appears to have all that nobility and grace still within her.

While searching for other famous members of the family one would have little further to go than nearly any member of the Wyatt family. While many a historian would be able to recall Thomas the Younger, leader of the Wyatt Rebellion against the Queen Mary I, many forget about Thomas the Elder, his father. He was a member of the Court of Mary’s father Henry VIII, a poet of great renown, and the alleged lover of Anne Boleyn. His sister, the author’s fifteenth great grandmother, was also a member of the Royal Court, as lady in waiting to Anne Boleyn.

Time and location remove the memories of who is the celebrity in the family. For my parents and grandparents generations, Paul Brown may well have been the celebrity of the day. For our generation, it is quite possible that Kyra Sedgwick and husband Kevin Bacon could be considered ours. There are many, many others, however. Every family has them. It is nearly impossible to step back more than a few generations in any group of people and not stumble across some blue blood.

Also, remember, when researching your family do not discount your female ancestors as just having been married to or mothers of famous male figures. There are many women famous, notorious and monied in their own right. Sadly, much before the 1950’s they are relegated to the background.

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